A novel proposal for all optical 3 to 8 decoder based on nonlinear ring resonators

In this paper, a 3 to 8 optical decoder was proposed using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. For realizing the 3 to 8 decoder, we combined seven 1 to 2 optical decoders. In the proposed structure, X, Y and Z serve as input ports. By combination of these ports, one can control which output port to be ON. The maximum time delay of the proposed structure is about 6?ps.     

The structure solution of the F-type i-ZnMgHf from the X-ray diffraction

ABSTRACT

We report a successful growth of the ZnMgHf F-type icosahedral quasicrystal in the form of faceted single grains. By varying the heat treatment parameters we were able to obtain single crystals with a quality suitable for a single crystal X-ray diffraction which was conducted in a synchrotron facility. Ab initio structure solution by a charge flipping algorithm manifests the existence of two types of Bergman clusters. Clusters are differentiated by the preferential occupation of the high-symmetry positions by hafnium in a rhombic triacontahedron, being the outer shell of the atomic cluster.

This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on The Crystallographic Aspects of Metallic Alloys.     

碳基采暖电热材料研究进展

近几年,由于节能与环保的需求,电取暖的方式得到大力的推广,电热材料的研究与应用受到人们广泛的重视。非金属碳基电热材料是新型的节能型电热采暖材料,本文重点对影响非金属碳基电热材料中的炭黑基电热材料、碳纤维基电热材料、碳晶电热材料电热性能的因素及相关应用进行了综述。     

利用菊池衍射花样鉴定晶体结构的方法研究

电子背散射衍射(Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD)是研究材料显微结构的重要手段之一, 通过EBSD获取的菊池衍射花样是材料内部微观晶体结构的直观反映。本研究通过识别菊池花样中的对称轴, 结合晶体对称定律, 提出了一种利用菊池花样进行晶体对称性分析和晶体结构鉴定的方法。通过该方法成功对三个未知样品的对称性和晶体结构进行了判断。其中一个样品确定到所属晶系, 另两个样品锁定到部分点群, 通过确定晶系和点群排除了部分不符合对称性的相鉴定结果。研究结果表明, 利用菊池花样进行对称性分析是判断晶体结构的有效方法。同现有方法相比, 菊池衍射花样法大大缩小了相鉴定的检索范围, 显著提高了相鉴定的准确性和可靠性, 是一种有望用于新一代EBSD设备的标定技术。     

A brief review of dynamic mechanical metamaterials for mechanical energy manipulation

In the past decades, many mechanical metamaterials with uncommon static properties have been reported. On the other hand, mechanical metamaterials possessing extraordinary dynamic performance, also referred to as acoustic/elastic metamaterials, have gained more and more attractions. Examples include acoustic cloaking metamaterials that can generate an invisible region for acoustic waves, zero-stiffness metamaterials that can isolate vibrating mechanical energy, origami-based metamaterials that can realize the directional transmission of elastic waves and so on. To better understand the mechanisms adopted in dynamic mechanical metamaterials and present a general view about the existing works, we have reviewed some representative works and categorized them based on the ways of how these mechanical metamaterials manipulate the interactions between matters and mechanical energy. To distinguish the different categories of the dynamic mechanical metamaterials, we use a pair of binary numbers to measure the changing states of the magnitude and direction of the energy flow, respectively. A summary of some research works with associated reference numbers is presented in this paper with emphasis on the operating frequency, working bandwidth, and characteristic size of the element.     

Tailoring the hydrophilic and hydrophobic reaction fields of the electrode interface on single crystal Pt electrodes for hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions

Interfacial hydrophobic/hydrophilic reaction fields significantly affect various reactions at the electrode surface. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) have been investigated on single crystal Pt electrodes modified with hydrophobic/hydrophilic cations and anion-exchange copolymers in alkaline solutions. In alkali metal hydroxide solutions, Pt (110) exhibits the highest HER/HOR activity in the low-index planes of Pt. On the low-index planes of Pt, the hydrophilicity of the alkali metal cation in the supporting electrolyte activates the HER/HOR depending on its hydration energy. Hydrophilic cations at the interface facilitate the extraction of hydrogen from the hydrated water. The modification of anion-exchange copolymers with a hydrophobic skeleton on Pt (110) further enhanced the HER/HOR activity. The hydrogen bonding network formed around the hydrophobic species facilitated the mobility of water molecules and the OH⁻ as the reactant/product of the HER/HOR. Appropriately forming hydrophilic and hydrophobic reaction fields at the interface improved the HER/HOR activity.     

基于温度冲击的冷冻靶氘氘冰层结晶生长行为研究

惯性约束聚变冷冻靶中氘氘（D₂）冰层的质量对聚变实验的成功与否起重要作用。目前文献报道的制备冷冻靶D₂冰层的方法并不具备好的可操作性，且技术、工艺不定型，制约了高质量冰层的形成。因此，本文采用将温度梯度、降温速率和温度冲击相结合的技术实现燃料冰层在靶丸内的均化。通过温度控制以及施加温度冲击可控地形成残留冰，并在残留冰的控制技术基础上，实现了高质量冰层的可控结晶生长。同时，研究了温度控制对靶丸内D₂冰层品质的影响和D₂冰层结晶生长的过程，并应用晶体生长动力学理论分析了D₂冰层结晶生长行为。从背光阴影图像中的D₂冰层亮环可知，D₂冰层均匀度为85.2%、厚度为40.35 μm、内表面粗糙度为2.15 μm。本方法拓宽了超低温下D₂冰籽晶控制、晶体生长技术，为DT冷冻靶中冰层均化打下了坚实基础，并形成了一定的技术储备。     

Study of non-equilibrium dendrite growth in an undercooled alloy

ABSTRACT

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and transportation kinetics near the propagating solid–liquid interface dominates the rapid solidification process, which is far from a thermodynamically stable state. Rapid solidification process can be described more precisely using quantitative thermodynamic calculation of phase diagram with nonlinear liquidus and solidus and evaluating the nonequilibrium effect in diffusion kinetics. Based on these basic principles, we have used a current nonequilibrium dendrite growth model to describe the rapid solidification process and the recalescence temperature of deeply undercooled alloys. Evolution of the key fundamental solidification parameters was also evaluated. The experimental data agree well with the model prediction.